Trade and Interaction in Prehistoric South India: Archeological Evidence and Interpretations

Abstract

The prehistoric period in South India was marked by significant trade and interaction, as evidenced by archaeological discoveries and excavation studies. This research examines the economic and cultural exchanges that shaped prehistoric communities, highlighting the role of trade networks in facilitating material and ideological connections. Excavations at sites such as Adichanallur, Kodumanal, and Arikamedu reveal a wealth of artifacts, including microlithic tools, pottery, beads, and metal objects, which point to both regional and long-distance trade. The movement of raw materials like semi-precious stones, iron, and shell, along with finished goods, underscores the existence of sophisticated exchange systems. These interactions were supported by strategic geographical features such as river systems, coastal areas, and mountain passes, which enabled human mobility and the dissemination of goods and ideas. The study also explores technological advancements, such as metallurgy and bead-making, that underpinned the production and trade of goods, as well as the social structures that facilitated these activities. Shared cultural practices, including burial rituals and artistic motifs, indicate the exchange of not only goods but also beliefs and traditions. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of how trade and interaction influenced the economic, social, and cultural landscapes of prehistoric South India, setting the stage for later historical developments.