The Influence of River Valleys on the Development of Prehistoric Habitats in South India

Abstract

River valleys in South India have significantly influenced the formation and development of prehistoric habitats, acting as essential centers of early human settlement and cultural evolution. This paper examines the diverse river systems, including the Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, and Penna, highlighting their role in providing fertile landscapes, water resources, and favorable climates that supported human habitation. These valleys enabled the development of agriculture through irrigation, fostered trade and communication via natural corridors, and facilitated the establishment of social structures. Archaeological evidence from key sites such as Adichanallur and Brahmagiri illustrates how early communities harnessed these resources, transitioning from nomadic lifestyles to organized societies. The study also explores the ecological and cultural significance of river valleys, emphasizing their role in sustaining diverse ecosystems and influencing spiritual practices. By understanding the symbiotic relationship between ancient communities and their environments, this research underscores the foundational role of South India's river valleys in shaping its prehistoric human landscape.